市场经济与自由:经济思想史的考察

Market economy & liberty: an inquiry to the history of the economics schools

自亚当·斯密以来,主流经济学家和后来的新自由主义经济学家,以及制度经济学家等对于市场制度与现代人的自由之关系多有论述。从他们的著作中可以引出以下几点结论:第一,从总体上看,市场经济制度对现代人三个层面的自由(无干涉的自由、无支配的自由和自律的自由)都产生了有利的影响;第二,从自由的内容上看,市场经济制度既保证了现代人的经济自由,又为人们获得政治自由提供了必要的条件;第三,市场经济制度并不必然导致宪政民主,尤其是多头政治制度。

Since A. Smith, quite a lot of economists have expounded their views on the relationship between the market system and modem liberty. From their discussion, we can draw some conclusions as follows： first, the market system brings positive effect on different planes of modem liberty; second, the market system is both a guarantee and pre -requisite for modem liberty; third, it is not matter -of- course for the market system to bring constitutional democracy, especially polyarchic political system.