蔬菜中有机磷农药残留情况的调查

Investigation of Organophosphorus Pesticides Residues in Vegetables

目的了解济南市市售蔬菜的有机磷农药残留状况.方法 2005-2007年,于不同季节对济南市4个大型农贸市场销售的卷心菜、小白菜、菠菜、青椒、黄瓜、豆角、韭菜、花椰菜进行采样,蔬菜样品经提取、净化、浓缩后,用毛细管柱气相色谱法检测甲胺磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、敌敌畏、甲拌磷、久效磷、氧化乐果、乐果、毒死蜱、马拉硫磷等有机磷农药残留情况。结果共采集蔬菜样品597件,总检出率32.66%,总超标率25.63%;韭菜中农药的检出率和超标率最高,分别为65.56%和52.22%,且存在严重的多种农药检出和超标现象;农药污染以甲胺磷最为严重,检测最高值达到114.013 mg/kg,其次为氧化乐果,为11.807 mg/kg;调查第二年农药使用情况比第一年有所好转;各农药的检出情况存在一定的季节差异。结论本次调查的蔬菜样品高毒性有机磷农药检出率及超标率较高,农药残留情况较严重。

Objective To investigate the organophosphorus pesticides residues in vegetables in Ji＇nan, China. Methods From 2005 to 2007, the residues of ten kinds of organaphosphorous pesticides, including methamidophos, parathion-ethyl, parathion-methyl, dichlorvos, phorate, monocrotophos, omethoate, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, malathion were determined in 8 kinds of vegetables by capillary gas chromatography. Results In the 597 vegetables samples, the total detection rate of organaphosphorous pesticides was 32.66%, in 25.63% of the samples, the contents of organaphosphorous pesticides residues exceeded the national standard limits. In leek, the detection rate was 65.56% and the exceeded limit rate was 52.22%. In addition, more than one kind of pesticide could be detected in one kind of vegetable. The concentration of methamidophos, the most serious pollutant, could reach 114.013 mg/kg. Omethoate could also be detected at 11.807 mg/kg. In this investigation, a downtrend was seen in the rate of exceeding standard limits and the difference in seasons in the detection rate of pesticides residues was also seen. Conclusion The detection rate of high toxic organaphosphorous pesticides in vegetables sampled in this study is higher, it indicates that the situation of pesticides abuse is serious in this area.