综合性三级甲等医院医护人员吸烟、饮酒行为与心理健康状况关系的调查

Investigation of the relationship between smoking,drinking and mental health status of medical staff in comprehensive hospitals

目的:了解江苏省部分综合性三级甲等医院医务人员吸烟、饮酒行为状况及与心理健康状况的关系。方法:采用"医务人员健康状况调查表"(自填表)和90项症状自评量表(SCL-90),对南京医科大学第一附属医院等7家综合性三级甲等医院的医务人员进行调查。采用EpiData3.02双轨录入调查表数据,SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果:共发放问卷1447份,收回合格问卷1418份,有效应答率98.0%。调查对象中,男性占30.5%,女性占69.5%,平均年龄(35.6±11.1)岁。总吸烟率为10.0%,男性吸烟率为31.2%,女性为0.8%,按照2000年第五次全国人口普查年龄构成进行标化,标化后总吸烟率为11.7%,男性吸烟率为26.6%,女性吸烟率为1.3%;男性吸烟率显著高于女性,以医技人员(25.8%)为主。总饮酒率为14.0%,男性饮酒率为40.4%,女性饮酒率为2.6%,标化后的总饮酒率为16.3%,男性饮酒率为37.0%,女性饮酒率为1.4%;男性饮酒率显著高于女性,以医技人员(28.9%)为主。除敌对、偏执、精神病性3个因子无显著性差异外,其他因子(躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖)在吸烟与不吸烟医务人员间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除躯体化、恐怖2个因子在饮酒与不饮酒两组医务人员间差异有显著性(P<0.05)外,其他因子的差异均无统计学意义。结论:三级甲等医院医务人员总吸烟率和总饮酒率均低于我国人群水平,但吸烟医务人员的心理健康水平较低。

Objective：To investigate the mental health status,cigarette smoking,alcohol drinking and their relationship among medical staff. Methods：The 1 418 medical staff in 7 comprehensive hospitals of Jiangsu province were investigated using symptom check list 90 （SCL-90） and a self-designed questionnaire. Data were input to create a database with EpiData 3.02 and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. Results：Total t 447 questionnaires were sent out and 1 418 qualified ones were collected, and the effective response rate was 98.0%. There were 30.5% male and 69.5% female,with the mean age 35.6 ± 11.1 years. This survey showed that the total smoking rate was 10.0% ,with 31.2% in male and 0.8% in female. The standardized total smoking rate was 11.7% according to the national population proportion by age in 2000,with 26.6% in male and 1.3% in female. Smoking rate in male was significant higher than in female,especially in the medical technician（25.8%）. The total drinking rate was 14.0%,with 40.4% in male and 2.6% in female. The standardized total drinking rate was 16.3% ,with 37.0% in male and 1.4% in female. Drinking rate in male is more significant than that in female,especially in the medical technician（28.9%）. Comparing the smokers and the non-smokers,there were 3 factors （hostility, paranoid ideation and psychoticism） without significance, while others （somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,phobic anxiety） of the smokers were all significantly higher than the non-smokers. According to whether they drank or not ,the medical staff were divided into two groups. The result revealed that there were significant differences in the mean scores of somatization and phobic anxiety between the two groups,while other 7 factors （obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation and psychoticism） had no significance between the two groups. Conclusion：Drinking and smoking rate of the medical staff in comprehensive hospitals were lower than that of general population, while the smokers of medical staff had lower metal health level.