系统遗传学与合成生物学——21世纪的生物工程产业化

Systems Genetics and Synthetic Biology——Bio-engineering Industrialization in 21^(st) Century

基因型-表现型复杂生物系统由多基因群调控,细胞发生的信号传导路径、多基因相互作用与细胞系谱定位形成生物系统的结构-图式发生遗传学,但分子、细胞和器官的结构、图式形成机理还不很清楚。复杂生物系统的图式演化是细胞的物种进化、细胞形态发育的细胞发生非线性动力学过程,包括:1)物种基因组结构内等位基因替代构成物种内基因多样性调控;2)物种间进化的基因组结构层次级别的自组织化。系统理论应用于系统生态学(Van Dyne GM.1966)、系统生理学(Sagawa K.1973)、系统心理学(Titchener EB.1992)、系统生物医学(Kamada T.1992)、系统生物学(Zieglgansberger W,TolleTR.1993)、系统生物工程与系统遗传学(ZengBJ.1994)的建立,以及遗传学机理的生物系统分析。细胞的基因组结构自组织化形成生物的系统发生,基因组的结构变化形成物种的适应变异,生物体结构的基因组复制与表达的细胞自组织化构成生物个体发生。基于系统遗传学的工程应用,合成生物学探索生物系统泛进化,包括人工生物体的遗传工程、基因调控和仿生智能的纳米生物机器,构成生物系统的人工引导进化。

The phenotype-genotype complexity of organism is controlled by multi-gene groups,structure-pattern formation of cytogenesis and morphogenesis which is involved in cell signal transduction,gene regulation network and cell lineages mapping. However,the mechanism of structurity,pattem formation from molecules,cells and organs have hot been unknown. The pattern formation of complex biosystem is a nonlinear cell dynamic process of cell species evolution and cell types development,including two aspects：1）genes replace within genomic system structure of specie adaptation;2） genomic structural self-orgartization of species evolution. System theory which was applicated in biosystem analytics of genetic mechanism and the cencepts of systems ecology （Van Dyne,1966）,systems physiology（Sagawa,1973）,system psychology （Titchener, 1992）,system biomedicine （Kamada,1992）,systems biology （Zieglgansberger,Tolle,1993）,system bioengineering,and system genetics （Zeng,1994） were established. Genomic self-organization could construct systematic evolution of species and cellular self-organization could shape morphogenesis of individual organisms. Due to pattern （system）genetics-based engineering, synthetic biology is exploring of biosystems pan-evolution,which involved in genetic engineering of artificial organism,nano-biomachine and bionic intelligence.