从语言哲学维度看施莱尔马赫的语言解释学

Schleiermacher’s Linguistic Hermeneutics from the Viewpoint of Language Philosophy

学界已经达成共识,语言分析和解释是语言哲学必须进行的活动。然而,如何分析和解释语言呢?历史语言学只考虑时间因素,结构主义只关注结构(空间)。事实表明,两种流派都不能算成功。施莱尔马赫的语言解释学为我们提供了启迪:从历史(时间)出发,考察语言的空间,在分析和解释过程中将两种维度结合起来。按照施莱尔马赫的理解,语言解释区分为语法解释和艺术性(技术)解释。从形式上看,两种解释各司其职,又各自分离。其实,两者同样统一于语言分析和解释这一过程之中。正是语言分析和解释这一过程,从方法论维度着眼,将时间与空间、群体性与个体性统一起来。也正是上述二元统一的方法论凸显出语言哲学从语言分析和解释切入,研究人及人的世界的方法论框架。

It has been widely acknowledged that language philosophy must deal with language analysis and interpretation. If so, how to analyze and interpret language？ Historical linguistics only takes ＇ time＇ factor into account ; strueturalism is only concerned with the spatial clement. History proves that they both have their shortcomings. Schleiermacher＇ s linguistic hermeneutics is an inspiration to us： to investigate linguistic space from the perspective of history （time）, and to correlate the two perspectives together in analysis and interpretation. Meanwhile, according to Schleiermacher, linguistic hermeneutics consists of grammatical herme- neutics and artistic （technical） hermeneutics. Despite the superficial differences, two hermeneuties integrate in the process of language analysis, which, with the help of methodology, combines time with space and group with individual. This research method foregrounds the methodological framework of language philosophy which studies human beings and the world in which they live by analyzing and interpreting their languages.