名词间接格与态式主体表达

Noun Indirect Case and Voice Subject Expression

本文着重分析俄语中由表人名词或人称代词构成的间接格形式的主观情态意义。在俄罗斯语言学界,对这些间接格的语义并没有统一的认识,使用的术语也不尽相同。如Н.Ю.Шведова把它们称为全句限定语,Г.А.Золо-това把它们称为信源主体,Н.Д.Арутюнова把它们称为感知主体等。本文重点分析三种间接格形式:для+名词二格形式,у+名词二格形式,不带前置词的三格形式。分析表明,这些间接格形式在句中不仅可以充当态式主体、动作主体、状态主体、特征载体、拥有主体、情感主体等,还可以用作意见主体和言语主体。有时,在孤立使用的句子中,同一种间接格形式,可以有两种理解。弄清这个问题,对学习俄语的中国人来说,不仅对理解俄语名词格的意义,而且对把它们正确翻译成汉语,十分必要。

This paper analyzes the subjective mood meaning of indirect cases made up of personal nouns or personal pronouns. The Russian linguistic circle has no consensus on the meaning of indirect cases, and uses different terms. For example, N. Shvedova calls indirect cases sentence determiners, Г.АЭодотова message original subjects, and N. Arntyunova sense subject, etc. This paper analyzes three indirect cases： лля＋ noun second case, у ＋ noun second case, and the third case without pre - moditiers/determiner. The analysis shows that these indirect cases can not only be voice subjects, movement subjects, state subjects, characteristic carriers, possessive subjects, and emotional subjects, etc. , but opinion subjects and speaking subjects as well. In some individual sentences, the same indirect case can be understood in two ways. To understand this, for Chinese students who learn Russian, it is necessary to understand the meanings of Russian nouns and translate them into correct Chinese.