黄芪的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

Progress in pharmacological effects of compositions of Astragalus membranaceus

近年研究表明黄芪的主要化学成分有黄芪多糖、皂苷类、黄酮类和氨基酸等;其药理作用为提高免疫功能,增强抗氧化、抗辐射和抗癌作用,保护心脑血管、肝脏、肾脏和肺脏作用,保护脑细胞、提高记忆力,舒张血管平滑肌,激素样作用,抗菌及抑制病毒作用,降血脂、降血糖、减少糖尿病并发症等;临床上黄芪广泛用于治疗循环系统、神经系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、内分泌和血液系统疾病;临床上未见明显肝肾毒性,但有妊娠晚期误用致难产,静滴黄芪制剂出现轻度过敏反应等临床报道。文中对近年来黄芪的化学成分及药理作用研究进展进行综述。

Recent studies have indicated that the main chemical compositions of Astragalus membranaceus include Radix astragali polysaecharide, saponin categories and amino acids. The experimental studies have shown that Astragalus membranaceus can improve immune function; enhance resistance to oxidation; exert anti-radiation and anticancer effects; protect cardiovascular, liver, kidney, lung, and brain cells; improve memory; relax blood vessel smooth muscle; possess the hormone-like, antibacterial and antiviral effects; exert the hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, and reduce complications of diabetes. In clinic, Astragalus membranaceus is widely used in treating circulation, nerve, digestion, respiration, endocrine and blood diseases. Astragalus membranaceus shows no obvious liver and kidney toxicity, but occasionally causes dystocia after misuse in late pregnancy, and mild allergic reactions due to application of the intravenous formulations. This review summarized recent advances in the research of chemical compositions and the pharmacological effects of Astragalus membranaceus.