巴山冷杉的种实特性及其种子萌发力

Fruiting characteristics and seed germination capacity of Abies fargesii in Shennongjia Nature Reserve

对我国特有树种巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)的球果长、球果宽、球果重量、单果出种量等球果特征和种子长、种子宽、种子厚和种子重等种子特性进行了分析,通过发芽实验测定了种子萌发能力。结果表明,巴山冷杉球果平均长5.37±0.75cm,球果宽3.01±0.32cm,球果重量18.93±6.06g,单果出种量59–567粒,种子长1.08–8.68mm,种子宽1.16–6.42mm,种子厚0.66–3.48mm,千粒重7.30g。各项球果特征指标和种子特征指标在种群内和种群间均存在显著差异,单果出种量在不同种群的频数分布格局不同。不同母树的种子发芽率和发芽势不等,且萌发速率也不相同。巴山冷杉种子败育率高,参试种子的空粒率75.79%。

We investigated cone traits of Abiesfargesii including length, width, fresh weight, seed numbers per cone, and seed traits including length, width, thickness, seed mass and seed germination capacity. The results showed that the average length and width of the cone were 5.37 ± 0.75 cm and 3.01 ±0.32 cm, respectively, and its fresh weight was 18.93 ±6.06 g, the seed number per cone was 59-567. The length, width and thickness of seeds were 1.08-8.68 mm, 1.16-6.42 mm and 0.66-3.48 mm, respectively, and the thousand-seed mass was 7.30 g. One-way ANOVA revealed that fruiting characteristics were significantly different both within and between populations. The distribution pattern of frequency of seed numbers per cone differed in different populations. The seed germination rate, seed germination energy and seed germination speed were different among mother trees. The proportion of empty seeds was high, accounting for 75.79% of the total amount due to seed abortion.