老万场金矿藓类重金属富集特性及其生态修复潜力研究

Study on Heavy Metal Enrichment Characteristics of Mosses in Laowanchang Gold Mine and Their Ecological Rehabilitation Potential

利用原子吸收法对贵州老万场金矿土生对齿藓、皱叶毛口藓、芽孢银藓、云南墙藓及其基质中Au、Ca、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co、Hg、As含量进行了测定。土壤10种重金属含量中，Hg超出国家土壤环境三级标准值3．676-5．111倍，As超出了14．276～17．467倍，说明老万场金矿已被Hg和As严重污染。苔藓植物体内金属元素普遍比较高，并与基质中的重金属含量呈一定的相关性。在苔藓植物体内Cr与As、Au与Cu在0．05水平上达到正相关，Au与Hg在0．05水平上达到负相关，Cu与Hg在0．1水平上达到显著负相关。皱叶毛口藓和芽孢银藓对Au强烈富集，可以作Au的探矿指示植物；芽孢银藓Cr，Zn，Co相对富集，可用作Cr，Zn，Co污染严重的地区生态修复的素材；云南墙藓对Pb相对富集，它可以在Pb污染严重的地区富集Ph元素，起到修复生态的作用。

The concentrations of Au, Ca, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and As in Didymodon vinealis,Trichostomum crispulum,Anombryum gemmigerum and Tortula yunnanesis of Laowanchang Gold Mine in Guizhou and their soil are determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Of the ten metals in the soft, the average concentration of Hg exceeds the value specified in the state standard for the third class soil enviromnent by 3. 676 - 5. 111 times and As, by 14. 276 - 17. 467 times, illustrating that the soil in Laowangchang Gold Mine has been seriously polluted by Hg and As. The concentrations of metal elements in mosses plants are generally high and have certain relation to those in the relevant soil. In the mosses plants,there is a positive correlation between Cr and As and between Au and Cu at 0.05 level, a negative correlation between An and Hg at 0.05 level and an evident negative relation between Au and Hg at 0.1 level. Triehostomum crispulum and Anombryum gemmigerum can strongly enrich Au and therefore, can be used as the plant indicator for Au prospecting. Anombryum gemmigerum can enrich Cr, Zn and Co and can be used as the materials for the ecological rehabilitation in areas that are seriously polluted by Cr, Zn and Co. Tortula yunnanesis can enrich Pb and can be used to enrich Pb,which will play a role of ecological rehabilitation in areas seriously polluted by Pb.