旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道的影响评估

Assessment on trail impacts by tourism activities in Huangshizhai scenic spot of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

作为旅游景区基础设施的步道,高频率旅游利用会对其产生一定程度的影响。选取张家界森林公园的黄石寨景区为研究对象,运用"既成事实调查法",设置30个样点,选取了若干特征与指标来评估步道的受影响情况。结果显示,景区的步道扩展率为13.5%,步道冲蚀发生率为73.3%,步道损毁有14处,步道边缘的土壤性状和植被状况也发生了改变,这说明旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道产生了负面影响。而且山顶环寨游道受到旅游活动的影响最大,上山游道次之,下山游道最小,这与旅游利用强度密切相关。

Trails are one of the fundmental facilities on which tourism activities are per- formed. They provide safe access to non-roaded areas, support tourism opportunities and protect natural resources by concentrating visitor traffic on resistant treads. However, in- creasing tourism use, coupled with poor planning and management, has led to negative im- pacts on trails. In order to study the tourism impacts on trails, Huangshizhai scenic spot in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park was selected to systematically research by means of af- ter-the-fact analysis. 30 sampling plots were chosen. The results indicate that tourism activities have already negatively impacted on trails in Huangshizhai scenic spot with indict- ors evaluation and characteristics analysis. The main conclusions are as follows. （1） the rate of trail extension is 13.5% and there are 6 kinds of spatial forms in this scenic spot~ （2） the occurrence rate of trail erosion including incision and soil loss within the samPle plots is 73.3%; （3） the number of trail damage＇s site is 14% （4）the soil hardness along trails increases markedly and the average soil hardness increase 0. 5m away from the trails is 197.5% （5） the content of organic materials of soil by the trails decreasing due to ring trail trampling; ad （6） the percentage of vegetation cover reduces obviously along the trails. And the impact on trails on top of the mountain is the greatest, followed by the downhill trail, and that of the uphill trail the smallest. In addition, strong correlations be- tween high levels of trail degradation and higher frequencies of visitors were found. Based on the findings, some management suggestions were put forward.