5Miaskowski C, Bair M, Chou R, et al. Principles of Anal- gesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain [M]. 6th ed. Glenview, IL: American Pain Society,2008.
6Schug S A, Zech D, Dtirr U. Cancer Pain Management Ac- cording to WHO Analgesic Guidelines[ J ]. J Pain Symptom Manage, 1990,5(1):27-32.
7McCaffery M, Ferrell B R. Nurses Knowledge of Pain As- sessment and Management: How Much Progress Have We Made?[J ].J Pain Symptom Manage,1997,14(3):175-188.
