1992-2005年蒙古国土地利用变化及其驱动因素

Land use change and its driving factors in Mongolia from 1992 to 2005

基于1992、2002年遥感图像以及2001、2005年的MODIS影像,结合相关统计资料,研究了蒙古国土地利用变化的总体特征、土地利用变化的空间差异,并对其驱动因素进行了分析.结果表明:1992—2005年,研究区耕地和林地面积明显减少,建设用地和未利用土地面积呈增加趋势,水域面积略有减少,草地面积相对稳定,但质量有所下降;2001—2005年,蒙古国土地利用变化的区域差异明显,西部山区和南部戈壁区北部是全国土地利用变化最集中的区域;研究区土地利用变化的主要驱动力为包括气候变化和自然灾害在内的自然因子以及政策法规、人口增加等社会经济因子.

Based on the remote sensing images ]n lt）PZ and 2002 and the MUDI3 images m 2OO1 and 2005, as well as relevant statistical information, the integrated characteristics and the spatial heterogeneity of land use change in Mongolia were analyzed, with the driving factors discussed. The results showed that from 1992 to 2005, the area of farmland and forestland in Mongolia decreased significantly, that of construction land and unused land exhibited an increasing trend, water area showed a slight decrease, and grassland had less change in its area but declined in its quality. A significant regional difference was observed in the land use change, which mainly concentrated in tire mountain areas of the western plateau and in the northern part of southern Gobi area. Both natural （climate change and natural disasters） and social （policies, regulations, and population increase） driving factors were responsible for the land use change in Mongolia.