影响莫里斯“理论与实践存在决定性矛盾”的因素

The Factor that Affects Morris’s Theory & Practice existing Decisive Contradictory

美术史学界对于莫里斯的理论与实践之间的矛盾是公认的。他一生都在强调艺术"为人民创造,又为人民服务",反对维多利亚中期的大规模生产对艺术标准的降低,敌视机器制造,但现实生活中他所制造的手工艺品却又只能为富人所独用。莫里斯本人也曾意识到这个问题。问题的明显性使我们很少去诘问:为什么会出现这种矛盾,是什么因素导致莫里斯的学说与现实生活出现决定性的矛盾。本文从理论、实践、莫里斯本身以及商品与艺术品的矛盾等四方面来考证出现这种矛盾的原因。

It is generally accepted that there is contradiction between Morris’s theory and practice in the circle of fine arts history. He spent his whole life stressing that art creates for the people, also serves for the people, said that Mass Production in the mid Victorian decreased art standard. He is hostile to the machine building, but in the real life he actually made the handicrafts can only be used alone by the rich people. Morris had also once realized this problem. The problem is too obvious to let us ask:Why this kind of contradiction appeared? Which factor causes the decisive contradiction between Morris’s theory and the real life? This article does some researches to the causes from four aspects, which is the theory, the practice, Morris himself as well as the contradiction between commodity and the artwork and so on.