穿山甲鳞片表面的几何形态特征及其性能

Geometric shape and performance of the scale of the pangolin

对穿山甲鳞片的形态和组成进行了分析。穿山甲鳞片表面整体呈现出纵向棱纹与横向凹槽交错变化的非等格几何网状形态,其中纵向棱纹较大、较多,扇形分布;横向凹槽较小、较少,且以一定深度切断纵向棱纹。利用扫描电镜及X射线能谱仪对材料的拉伸、冲击断口及成分进行了分析。结果表明冲击断口为脆性断口;穿山甲鳞片是由极细的棱柱结构单元和叠片结构单元混合形成的;穿山甲鳞片除含有大量的碳、氢、氧及氮元素外,硫、硅、铁、铝、钙5种元素的含量也相对较高,鳞片内层中含有少量磷元素。在转盘式土壤磨料磨损试验机上,进行磨料磨损试验,结果表明磨料粒子滑动方向平行于穿山甲鳞片棱纹的试样与磨料粒子滑动方向垂直于棱纹的试样相比,具有较好的耐磨性;穿山甲鳞片表面的自由式磨料磨损量,随着磨料粒子尺寸或相对滑动速度的提高而增大。

The morphology and composition of the pangolin＇s scale were analyzed. The surface of the pangolin＇s scale showed the non-equallattice geometric network morphology with the transverse grooves and longitudinal ridges crossed each other. The fan-shaped longitudinal ridges were larger in size than the transverse grooves. The transverse grooves crossed the longitudinal ridges with certain depth. The tensile and impact section of the pangolin＇s scale were examined with SEM and EDS. It was found that the section was brittle. The scales of the pangolin were composed of the very thin prismy construction units and the folded units. The scales of the pangolin included such elements as S, Si, Fe, AI and Ca, besides C, H, O and N. There were small amount of P element in the internal layer of the pangolin＇ s scale. The abrasive wears were accomplished on the abrasive wear tester against soil. The results showed that the samples abrasive particles sliding parallel to the direction of the pangolin＇ s scale had better wearable performance than the samples abrasive particles sliding perpendicular to the direction of the pangolin＇ s scale. The abrasion of the surface of the pangolin＇ s scale would increase with the size or the relative sliding speed of the particle.