马蔺叶片解剖结构特征与其抗旱性关系研究

Relationship Between the Leaf Tissue Characteristic and Drought Resistance of Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis(Fisch.)

通过温室模拟干旱胁迫试验,从中国北方不同生境生长的15份野生马蔺种质材料鉴定出3个不同抗旱性群体(强抗旱、中度抗旱和弱抗旱),从中选择具代表性的不同抗旱级别的4份马蔺种质,进行其叶片组织解剖结构特征的观察和比较,以进一步证实马蔺叶片解剖结构特征及其与抗旱性的关系。结果表明,各种质材料间叶片厚度、上下表皮细胞厚度、角质层厚度、气孔密度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度、CTR值和SR值等结构参数指标均与马蔺种质材料抗旱性存在密切的关系。其中,强抗旱种质材料的叶片厚度、上下表皮细胞厚度和角质层厚度大,气孔密度大,栅栏组织和海绵组织较发达,叶片组织紧密度大、疏松度小,栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比较高;弱抗旱种质材料的叶片厚度、上下表皮细胞厚度和角质层厚度小,气孔密度小,栅栏组织和海绵组织较薄,叶片组织紧密度小、疏松度大,栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比较低。

Fifteen wild germplasm of Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis （ Fisch. ） from the different habitats in the northern China under the water stress experiments in greenhouse were studied, and three different drought resistant classes were classified. Then the leaves tissue characteristic of four gremplasm were observed and analyzed in order to approve the relationship between the leaf tissue characteristic and drought resistance. The results showed that there were relationship of leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, cutin thickness, stoma density, stockade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, CTR, SR and ratio of stockade tissue thickness sponge tissue thickness among the germplasm. The stronger drought resistant germplasm with higher stoma density, thicker stockade tissue, higher CTR, lower SR, higher ra- tio of stockade tissue thickness sponge tissue thickness and smaller size of upper epidermis ceils in leaves had stronger ability of drought resistance. The weaker drought resistant germpalsm with lower stoma density, thinner stockade tissue, lower CTR, higher SR , thickness and bigger size of upper epidermis cells in lower ratio of stockade tissue thickness sponge tissue leaves had weaker ability of drought resistance.