防风种子发芽特性及促进发芽的试验研究

Study on Germination Characteristics and Germination Rate Enhancement of Saposhnikovia divaricata Seeds

防风种子发芽率和发芽势均较低，其主要原因包括个体之间的差异及物种特性。种子发芽率较低首先表现在个体发芽率上的差异，试验所用15株防风发芽率从28．O％到92．0％，从整体上表现发芽率较低。防风本身发芽率低，由于物种因素，种子刚刚采收后的休眠，个体之间解除休眠时间和进入衰老的时间不一致，致使所有的种子不能全部在同一时间进入发芽高峰，同时，防风发芽的启动日有所差异，15株防风启动日和发芽持续时间相差均为两周以上。采用5～50mg·kg^-1GA、1～10mg·kg^-16-BA、1％KNO3和3％H2O2可提高休眠防风种子的发芽率，GA、6-BA可除防风种子的休眠，而1％KNO，和3％H，0，对解除休眠的种子无明显影响。采用多种微量元素，即10～100mg·kg^-1 Mn^2＋、10mg·kg^-1Cu^2＋和1mg·kg^-1Mo对种子进行处理可显著提高防风种子的发芽率，提示在植株绿果期喷施该类元素也可提高防风种子的发芽率。采用GA、NAA处理幼果，也可以提高种子的发芽率。

The germination rate and germination vigor of Saposhnikovia divaricata seeds are all lower. The phenomenon is mainly caused by the variations among individuals and species characteristics. Low germination rate is firstly expressed as low germination rate of individuals, germination rate of 15 strains S. divaricata in trial varies from 28.0% to 92.0% , and overall germination rate of seeds is so low. Because the relieve dormancy time and aging time of every seed are not synchronous, results in all of seeds do not simultaneously entered fastigium of seeds germination. The initial time and duration of seed germination are all beyond two weeks. The mixture of 5 -50mg·kg^-1 GA, 1 -10 mg·kg^-1 6-BA, 1% KNO3 and 3% H2O2 can remarkably enhance germination rate of dormancy seeds, among these influential factors, GA and 6-BA can release dormancy of S. divaricata seeds, however, 1% KNO3 and 3% H20 do not express this effect. Trace elements such as 10 - 100mg·kg^-1 Mn^2＋ , 10 mg·kg^-1Cu^2＋ and 1 mg·kg^-1 1 Mo, etc, can notably enhance germination rate of S. divaricata seeds. Hence, these trace elements were spurted into plants at green fruit period of S. divaricata, the germination rate of seeds is also increased. The green fruits were treated with GA and NAA, which also increase the germination rate of S. divaricata seeds.