细石叶工艺产品废弃的文化过程研究

The Abandonment of Lithic Products by the Microblade Technology:A Perspective from Cultural Process

细石叶工艺产品是如何废弃的、受哪些因素影响、又如何在考古遗存中得到表现,这些都是我们面临的课题。本文从考古遗存废弃一般过程的理论研究着手,确定影响细石叶工艺产品的因素包括史前狩猎采集者的生计策略、废弃过程中人们的行为选择两个方面;与此同时结合细石叶工艺性质预测细石叶工艺产品可能的废弃方式;然后回到对经验材料点(籍箕滩遗址)与面(华北地区主要细石叶工艺遗址)相结合的分析。整体而言,华北含细石叶工艺产品诸遗址的废弃呈现出多样的形态,有迅速而预期返回的废弃方式(籍箕滩遗址),有计划且不准备返回的废弃方式(如泗涧遗址),有人类经常光顾但不留宿的遗址(如孟家泉遗址),还有废弃迅速的临时营地(如柿子滩遗址)和狩猎动物的望点(如大岗遗址)。

The microblade technology first emerged in North China during the Upper Paleolithic period, and finally disappeared with termination of the Paleolithic epoch. How were the lithic products of this technology, ten types altogether, abandoned in sites or elsewhere？ Which factors did influence the process of their abandonment？ And how were they expressed in the archaeological record？ This research starts from the general theory about archaeological abandonment, and then it explores the influential factors which include subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers and their decisionmaking process. After that, it turns to analyze Site） to a region （North China）. The analysis empirically archaeological materials, from a site （Jijitan suggests that the abandonment process of Jijitan Site represented by the T2 lower layer was very fast, and indicates that people would plan to come back soon. As for North China, the sites with microblade products show diverse abandonment patterns, including the forms of fast abandonment but anticipated to return （e. g., Jijitan Site）, and planned abandonment but not anticipated to return （e. g. ,Tingsijian Site）. Moreover, some sites were frequently visited but never used as sleeping places （e. g., Mengjiaquan Site）, some sites were rapidly abandoned locations or field camps （e. g., Shizitan Site）, and some sites were probably used as hunting stations （Dagang Site）. The abandonment of microblade products no doubt relates to the lifeways of its users. Therefore, microblades were the most impossible to be abandoned in sites among all products.