东胡林四号人墓葬中的果核

Seeds of Celtis L.Accompanied with Occurrence of "Donghulin Man 4"

北京门头沟区斋堂镇东胡林四号人14C年龄约为8540 BP(树轮校正年龄约为7500 BC),伴随其出土的果核经鉴定为小叶朴(Celtis bungeanaBl.)和大叶朴相似种(C.cf.koraiensisNakai)。依据现有的资料,朴树的果核含有丰富的营养和矿物质。华北地区的先民们,从北京人遗址、东胡林人遗址到渑池县班村遗址的裴李岗文化,以朴树的果实为食已有了漫长的历史。推测研磨朴树的果核是东胡林发现的石磨的功能之一。通过比较现生的朴树内果皮的发育和化石内果皮厚度,显示化石朴树的果实属成熟期(晚秋,可能为10月)。由此表明东胡林四号人葬于晚秋。

Some fossil seeds of Celtis L. accompanied with the occurrence of ＂Donghulin Man 4＂, whose ^14C age is about 8540 BP （c. 7500 BC） from the village of Donghulin, Zhaitang, Mentougou district of Beijing, are demonstrated separately as C. bungeana B1. and C. cf. koraiensis Nakai. Based on the known data, seeds of Celtis L. contain rich nutrition and minerals. And there was a long history for our ancestors to eat the fruits and seeds in north China, through ＂Peking Man＂ site, ＂Donghulin Man＂ site to Bancun site （Peiligang culture）. Possibly, the grinding of Celtis seeds is one of the functions of the ground stone collected in ＂Donghulin Man＂ site. Through a comparison on the development of endocarp in the living Celtis species with those of fossil seeds, it shows that the endocarps of fossil seeds are mature （at the late autumn, i.e., probably in October）. Therefore, it indicates that the accompanied ＂Donghulin Man 4＂ died at the same time.