白头鹎的鸣唱结构及其鸣唱微地理变异

Song structure and its microgeographic variation in the Chinese bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis

对武汉市区白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)的鸣唱类型和音节类型进行了统计、分析,并按照采样地点划分为组(微地理种群),对组间、组内不同白头鹎个体间的鸣唱差异进行了探讨。分析来自市区5个样点的26只雄性白头鹎的667个鸣唱,共发现18种基本鸣唱型、53种音节类型。每只雄性白头鹎具有1-3种基本鸣唱型,每只个体能唱6.7(4-14)种音节类型。平均每个鸣唱由5.0(3-11)个音节、4.6(3-8)种音节类型组成。白头鹎的鸣唱顺序模式为平稳过渡型,并能通过以下三种方式在基本鸣唱型的基础上产生鸣唱变异:1)省略、添加或替换鸣唱中的个别音节;2)对鸣唱中的某个部分进行重复或重复不同次数;3)将不同的鸣唱型进行拼接组合。每只个体每种基本鸣唱型至少具有2.0(1-5)个变异类型,这种变异在个体间和个体内普遍存在。个体间能共享1-2种鸣唱型。所划分的5个组内普遍存在鸣唱型和音节类型的共享,而组间则无鸣唱型共享,有音节类型共享。采用Jaccard相似性系数衡量白头鹎个体间音节的共享情况,发现个体间的音节共享程度在组内明显大于组间,因此认为越是邻近分布的白头鹎个体具有越相似的鸣唱。

Songs of the Chinese bulbuls Pycnonotus sinensis in urban areas of Wuhan were examined focusing on the song types and syllable types to document song structure and microgeographic variation within and between singing groups from different recording localities. 667 songs sung by 26 males recorded from five localities were analyzed in this study. Eighteen typical song types and 53 syllable types were identified. Each male sang up to three song types and at least 6.7 （4 - 14） syllable types. The number of syllables averaged 5.0 （3 - 11） per song and the number of syllable types averaged 4.6 （3 - 8） per song. Males sang their song types with ＂eventual variety＂. The song types were also varied both inter-and intra-individual in three ways： 1 ） by adding, deleting, or substituting syllables within a song type; 2） by repeating or changing the number of repeating times of a certain part in a type; 3） by combining different types into a hybrid song. The number of variants was at least 2.0 （1 - 5） per song type per male. One or two song types can be shared between each pair of males. Both syllable type and song type were shared between birds within groups, while no song type was shared between groups and syllable type sharing among birds was greater within groups than between groups, which was indicated by the analyses of the Jaccard＇s similarity coefficients for syllables between individuals. And the conclusion that nearest neighbours sing the most similar songs in the Chinese bulbul was reached in this way