昆虫记忆的形成机制及生态适应性

Memory formation and ecological adaptation in insects

介绍近十几年来利用蜜蜂Apis mellifera L.、果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen和寄生蜂等昆虫对学习和记忆行为研究的成果。这些研究表明昆虫的记忆形成是多阶段的。从短时记忆向长时记忆的形成过程中,cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element-bindingprotein,CREB)起重要的作用;而蘑菇体是学习、记忆形成的主要位点。已有的研究还表明昆虫记忆的动态是适应于不同物种的生态学需要。这些研究为探索昆虫和其它动物记忆的形成和生态适应性提供了理论基础。

The recent studies on the mechanism and the evolutionary ecology of learning and memory in Apis mellifera L.,Drosophila melanogaster Meigen,and parasitic wasps was reviewed in this article.It appears that the memory phases in insect is in multi-temporal patterns.Important molecules in memory formation are cAMP response element-bindingprotein（CREB）,especially in the consolidation of short term memory into long term memory.And the research results also indicated that the mushroom body in insect brain is the main location of memory formation in the insect＇s brain.The dynamics of memory formation are specifically adapted to the ecology of insect species.These date will found the basis for exploiting mechanism of learning and memory in insects and other animals.