大蜂螨对一些气味物质的趋性

Relationship between some semiochemicals and the taxis of Varroa destructor

狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman是意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera Spinola的主要外寄生螨。雌成螨在幼虫巢房封盖前不久侵入幼虫巢房,并开始繁殖为害。从雌成螨在一个很短的时间内进入蜜蜂幼虫巢房,以及雄蜂幼虫巢房蜂螨的寄生率明显高于工蜂幼虫巢房的现象,表明蜜蜂幼虫体表一些信息素(semiochemicals)可能起着重要的引诱作用。作者对与大蜂螨相关的19种气味物质进行筛选,并对封盖前工蜂幼虫和雄蜂幼虫表皮挥发物进行气谱及气-质联谱测定。结果表明:雄蜂6龄幼虫对大蜂螨的引诱作用显著高于丁香水等10种气味物质。工蜂和雄蜂末龄幼虫体表挥发物的共有组份是9-二十三烯(C23H46),但它在雄蜂幼虫中所占的比例要明显高于工蜂幼虫。工蜂幼虫的特有主要组分是十八烷(C18H38)和9-甲基十九烷(C19H40);而雄蜂幼虫的特有主要组分是二十五烷(C25H52)和二十三烷(C23H48)。

Varroa destructor Anderson ＆ Trueman is a major pest of honey bee Apis mellifera Spinola.This ectoparasitic mite parasitizes both adult bees and brood.Female mites reproduce in the capped brood cells and invade brood several hours before cell capping.Varroa mites selectively parasitize honey bee larvae within a narrow time,and prefer to infest male brood cells.The high degree of host specificity exhibited by Varroa mites suggests that semiochemicals are used by the mites to locate and parasitize bee larva.Nineteen odor substance related to bee larva were tested,and the odor substance from worker and drone larvae＇s cuticle were tested by DPA（dynamic pumping absorption） and GC-MS.The results showed that Varroa mites were attracted strongly to the odors by 6-day drone larva and the other 9 odor substances.The odor substances were different between 6-day old worker larva and 6-day old drone larva.The main odor substances from 6-day old worker larva cuticle were C18H38,9-C23H46,9-CH3C19H40,and there of the 6-day old drone larva cuticle were 9-C23H46,C25H52,C23H48.