唯物史观视野中的道德意志

MORAL WILL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

道德意志问题是困惑无数哲学家和伦理学家的一个大难题,古今中外不少学者试图从不同的视角进行解读,得出不同结论。唯物史观认为,道德意志是社会物质生产关系的产物,是人们的生产实践,尤其是道德实践的产物,是人的自然形成、社会形成、心理形成的产物。道德意志具有主体能动性,即目的性和创造性功能和作用,道德意志的主体能动性和社会制约性之间具有辩证关系。在实践的层面,应通过树立正确的理想和目标、加强自我反省、积善成德、投身实践等方法来培育道德意志。

The issue of moral will has confused numerous philosophers and ethicists, who have attempted to interpret it from different angles and have drawn different conclusions. According to the materialistic view of history, moral will is the product of social material production relations, the product of man＇ s productive practice, especially moral practice and also the product of man＇ s natural, social and mental formation. Moral will has subjective activity, that is, it is purposeful and creative. There are dialectical relations between the subjective activity and social restrictions of moral will. To cultivate moral will, it is necessary in practice to establish correct ideals and objectives, to strengthen self-reflection and to devote ourselves into practice.