中学生近视周边部眼底退行性病变的流行病学特征

The epidemiologic characteristic of myopic peripheral retinal degenerative change in middle-school students

目的了解中学生近视眼合并周边部眼底退行性病变的患病特点及其影响因素。方法采取群体抽样的原则对豫东平原地区的五县市五所重点中学在校学生进行眼底流行病学调查，对其双眼屈光状况，视力及矫正视力，以及眼底病变等进行统计分析。结果（1）共检出近视眼者3465人（72．6％），其中合并有各种周边部眼底退行性病变者488人，患病率为14．08％。（2）近视者中4．01％患有视网膜格子样变性，6．03％患霜样变性，3．2％患囊样变性，0．63％有裂孔。（3）低度近视者周边部眼底病变患病率为8．97％，中度近视者为20．09％，高度近视者为28．0％（x^2=128，P〈0．001）。（4）自述有症状合并有周边部眼底退行性病变者的患病率为19．07％；无自觉症状者则为10．68％，（x^2=47，P〈0．001）。（5）学生为城镇居民者合并患有周边部眼底退行性病变者的患病率为15．44％；为乡村居民者则为13．06％，（x^2=2．3，P〉O．05）。结论在校高中学生近视眼的发生率为72．6％。近视眼合并有周边部眼底退行性病变的患病率为14．08％，其患病率与近视程度和有无自觉症状相关。

Objective To investigate the characteristic and influencing factor of myopic peripheral retinal degenerative change in middle-school student. Method By using random sampling principle to investigate ocular fundus changes of the students in five middle schools of five countied or towns in east plain of henan province.The refraction, vision, correction vision and the fundus changes were statistical analysized. Results （ 1 ）The amount of myopia were 3465 students （72.6%） ,488 students accompanied with various of peripheral retinal degenerative changes, the prevalence rate was 14.08%. （2）In myopic students, the incidence of retinal lattice degeneration were 4.01%, frost denaturation were 6.03%, cystoid degeneration were 3.2%, 0.63% had the peripheral retinal hole. （3）The prevalence rate of peripheral retinal degenerative change in Iow myopic students was 8.97% ,in moderate myopia that was 20.09% ,while in high myopia that was 28.0% （x^2=-128,P 〈0.001 ）（4 ）The prevalence rate of peripheral retinal degenerative change in the students who complaintsof had the symptom is 19.07%, for the students who hasn＇t subjective symptom that was 10.68%, （x^2-47, P 〈0.001 ）. （5）The prevalence rate of peripheral retinal degenerative change in the urban students was 15.44% ; For the village residents was 13.06%, （ x2=-2.3, P 〉0.05 ）.Conclusion The incidence of high school students myopia was 72.6% .The prevalence rate of myopia with peripheral retina degenerative change is 14.08%.It realated with tile degree of myopia and has or not the symptom.