支架成形术在食管良恶性狭窄中的应用进展

Application progress of stent placement in esophageal malignant and benign stenosis

支架成形术目前已广泛用于改善晚期食管癌所致的吞咽困难.随着食管支架的不断改进,现在有许多新的支架用于临床治疗.这些支架在原来的基础上增加抗反流瓣膜、装有可回收装置或载有125I颗粒等以及出现生物可降解支架.支架的改进能减少并发症并提高生存率.许多非手术性姑息方法如腔内激光治疗、光动力疗法、电凝及腔内近距离放射治疗都用来治疗食管狭窄,但最迅速缓解症状的方法就是食管支架成形术.支架治疗良性食管狭窄的报道也不断增多,应用暂时性支架及生物可降解支架可以很好地改善效果.

Stent placement is widely used for palliation of dysphagia caused by advanced esophageal carcinoma. As the development of technology, many new stents are being used for clinical therapy. Some stents are added with antireflux valve or retrievable device, some are loaded with ^125I; the biodegradable stent are even invented. Improvement of sents can decrease many complications while elevate survival rates. Several nonsurgical palliative modalities including endoluminal laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, electrocoagulation and brachytherapy are available to recanalize malignant stenosis, but the fastest palliative method is stent placement. Reports about treating benign esophageal stricture with stents are increasing, and temporary and biodegradable stents have a better effect.