一起诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情流行病学调查

Epidemiological Analysis of An Outbreak of Norovirus Diarrhea

目的了解一起诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发的特点和流行原因,探讨暴发疫情调查处理的经验,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法对开平市月山镇一起诺如病毒暴发疫情用流行病学方法进行分析。结果该镇水井片11月25日至12月5日共发生感染性腹泻238例,罹患率4.18%;患者各年龄组均有发病,青壮年居多;患者大多呈腹泻、呕吐等胃肠炎症状,病情较轻;对搜索到的575户2347人进行发病聚集性分析,发现有明显的家庭聚集性;不同村委会发病差异有统计学意义。部分病人粪便标本经检测诺如病毒阳性。疫情经加强饮用水消毒、病人隔离治疗、开展爱国卫生运动和健康教育等综合措施后得到控制。结论本起暴发疫情由诺如病毒感染引起,供水系统受到一过性污染是引起水源性暴发的主要原因。加强饮用水的消毒与管理,开展健康教育是控制疫情的关键。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of the Norovirus outbreak in Kaiping city, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of Norovirus diarrhea. Methods A case of Norovirus diarrhea outbreak between 25 Nov and 5 Dec in Yueshan town was analyzed using epidemiologieal techniques. Results There were 238 cases of infectious diarrhea in Shuijing. The attack rate was 4.18%. Most of the patients were aged 20 to 59. The main clinical symptoms were diarrhea and vomiting. Further analysis on 2347 individuals from 575 families showed clustered distribution in family. The differences of attack rates in the 5 different communities were statistically significant. Norovirus antigen was detected in stool of certain patients. The epidemic was controlled through the disinfection of drinking water, isolation of the patients, patriotic health movement and health education. Conclusion The incidence of Norovirus diarrhea outbreak was caused by the pollution of water supply system. The preventive and control measures include disinfection, proper management of the water supply system and health education.