清代塞外围场的资源管理

The Resource Management of the Paddock in North Great Wall in Qing Dynasty

围场作为皇家的禁苑、狩猎习武的领地,有着丰富的动植物资源,不允许人口擅自集聚,并制定了一套严密的军事行猎、围班制度,以此为主体,在非行围期又设置有相应的管理保护办法,且均围绕着对资源占有和利用而展开。围场的管理制度以皇帝的意旨和司法保护为主要的实现手段,按植物生长的习性和动物孳生的规律加以制定,并作为长久利用的办法,客观上对禁苑自然生态资源起到了保护作用。

As a royal park of hunting and martial training, the paddock had abundant resources of animals and plants. Unauthorized people＇s assembling was prohibited there and a strict system of martial hunting and ＂Weiban＂ was formulated. Based on that, there were relevant management and protective measure, all intended to possess and use the resources. The management system carried out through emperors＇ wills and judicial protection, the plant growing and animal propagating nature were took into consideration. As a long used measure, the management measure objectively had a protective effect on the natural and ecological resources of the paddock.