增龄对胰岛β细胞数量与功能的影响

The effects of aging on pancreatic islet β cells function

随年龄增长,糖耐量进行性减退,导致2型糖尿病和餐后高血糖在老年人群中高发。胰岛β细胞群主要受胰岛β细胞增殖、新生和凋亡的影响,决定着胰岛素的产量。人体进入老年期后,β细胞增殖减少,凋亡增加,β细胞功能亦进行性减退。另一方面,因年龄所带来的肌肉含量降低、内脏脂肪增加等变化,加剧促进胰岛素抵抗的形成,当逐渐衰退的胰岛β细胞功能不能代偿因胰岛素抵抗所带来的胰岛素需求量的增加时,则可导致糖尿病的发生。因此,提高对老年糖代谢特点的认识,加强老年糖尿病的筛查,对防治老年糖尿病具有积极的临床意义。

It has been demonstrated that glucose tolerance was progressively decreased accompanied with aging.It was also found that in the older population,there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and postprandial hyperglycemia tendency.Pancreatic islet β cell mass is determined by the equilibrium of the proliferation,neogenesis,and apoptosis in β cells,which plays an essential role in the secretion of insulin.Aging is related with the decrease of β cell proliferation and increased rate of glucose-induced β cell apoptosis,which results in further deterioration of β cell function.Moreover,in the aged population,because of the reduction of physical activity,the accumulation of fat in the abdomen and decreased size of skeletal muscle,insulin resistance happens.Therefore,it should be reinforced to screen and prevent diabetes in aged people.