中国农户小麦施肥水平和效应的评价

Assessment on Farmers' Fertilization Behavior for Wheat Production in China

小麦是中国重要的粮食作物,然而近些年却在不断萎缩,肥料投入不合理导致成本过高是主要原因。本文利用农户调查数据,通过主成分分析筛选出同一类农户,通过建立肥料效应函数定量评价了中国小麦施肥水平。结果发现如果按照经济效益来评价,我国75%的小麦种植户已经超量使用化肥,而如果从产量效率来说,却有74%农户需要增加化肥。这些结果都说明中国化肥过量使用已经比较明显,施肥不经济,盲目追求高产。未来应从产量、收益甚至环境保护等角度综合引导农户合理施肥。

Wheat is an important food crop in China. The planting area was shrinking in recent years due to the increased cost mainly from fertilizer. Based on survey data from farmers and experts, this paper analyzed the farmers＇ fertilization behavior for wheat in China by a quadratic model. It was found that 75% of farmers used too much fertilizer for wheat production when measure economic efficiency. However, 74% of farmers need to increase appliction of fertilizer for wheat when measure agronomic efficiency. It was proposed that experts should give farmers a recommondation for the economic use of fertilizers.