2005-2007年浙江省东阳市麻疹流行病学特征及防控策略探讨

Epidemiologic characteristics and control strategies of measles in Dongyang city from 2005 to 2007

目的了解2005-2007年浙江省东阳市麻疹流行病学特征。方法采用描述流行病学的方法,分析2005-2007年东阳市麻疹疫情的特点;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清麻疹IgM抗体。结果3年间该市共报告麻疹223例,年均发病率9.32/10万,发病模式以散发为主,病例分布广泛,并有明显的季节性,2-5月占总病例数的69.96%。≤8月龄和16～40岁为麻疹高发年龄段,占总病例数的73.09%。2005-2007年≤15岁儿童麻疹病例构成呈上升趋势,从2005年的37.01%上升到2007年的64.15%,其中≤8月龄儿童麻疹病例构成逐年增加,2005-2007年分别为13.64%、25.00%、30.19%。病例中无免疫史和免疫史不详者占85.20%。结论浙江省东阳市麻疹发病近年来呈明显的上升趋势,应进一步加强麻疹疫苗的基础免疫接种工作,消除免疫空白,提高免疫覆盖率。

Objective This study was conducted to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of measles in Dongyang city from 2005 to 2007. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was applied for analyzing the epidemiologic characteristics of measles in Dngyang from 2005 to 2007. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect IgM antibodies. Results A total of 223 cases were reported during the three-year period, the annually average morbidity being 9.32/lakh. A sporadic epidemic pattern was evident with widely distributed affected cases and significant seasonality. Cases from February to May accounted for 69.96%. Infants aged ≤8 months and persons aged 16-40 years constituted the high-risk group, accounting for 73.09% of total cases. The constituent of children aged ~〈 15 years was ascending during the period from 2005 to 2007 （from 37.01% in 2005 to 64.15% in 2007）, of which infants aged ≤8 months amounted to a growing proportion, increasing from 13.64% in 2005, 25.00% in 2006 to 30.19% in 2007. Unimmunized cases or cases with unknown immunization history accounted for 85.20% of the overall cases. Conclusion A growing incidence of measles was revealed in Dongyang, Zhejiang in recent years. Therefore, routine immunization of measles should be reinforced and considerations given to elder groups.