论五四时期中国社会的公民观念启蒙

Initiate Ideas About Citizen in China of May Fourth Period

经历先进中国人的探索与实践,新文化运动的知识精英认为挽救民族危机的根本途径在于启发民众思想,塑造新型人格国民,达到"人的解放",而启蒙知识精英认为,中国传统社会伦理最大的缺陷就在于个人价值未被发现与承认。于是,五四启蒙知识分子以近代公民精神为诉求,从独立人格、个人权利、法治契约、功利取向、理性思维等方面输入西方公民意识,力图塑造新型人格的国民,承担起变革社会的重任,以达到国强民富的民族主义目标,但近代中国社会无法为公民观念的发育提供有效土壤,启蒙思潮面临外在困境与内在价值矛盾。

Experiencing investigation and practice , the cream of the new cultural activity think the basic way of saving national crisis is to inspire people＇ s idea and model thrir new personality. The intellectual think the biggest weakness of Chinese tradition ethics is the persanal value tO be ignored. So, the enlightening intellectuals of May Fourth period transplanted west citizen idea in independence personality, personal right, law and contract, utility principle and reasonableness thinking. They tried to mold new individuals to undertake the mission of changing society to make nation strong and race rich. But modem China could not provide valid conditions to popularize the citizen idea . The current of thought was faced inside and outside predicament.