斯宾诺莎的《圣经》诠释学方法

Spinoza's Biblical Hermeneutics

《圣经》的解释权自中世纪以来一直被教会权威所把持。为消除神学家在《圣经》解释上的偏见,从而将解释《圣经》的最高解释权利还归大众,斯宾诺莎在严厉驳斥以往流行的、敌对的《圣经》解释方式及各种错误观点的基础上,首次提出了"据《圣经》的历史以研究《圣经》"的普遍法则。他视该方法为"考求《圣经》真意的最准确的方法",同时又对其诸多"难处与缺点"作了深入剖析。斯宾诺莎的《圣经》诠释学方法及理论,对之后科学地解释和批判《圣经》以及西方诠释学的形成与发展产生了深远的影响。

The authority of interpreting the Bible was always controlled by the church since the Middle Ages.In order to put right the partial interpretation of the Bible by the theologians and return the final say to the masses,Spinoza gave a severe criticism of the popular and incorrect interpretations of the Bible and then proposed a universal principle of 'interpreting the Bible in accordance with its history'.He regarded this principle as the only correct one but also pointed out its weaknesses.Spinoza's biblical hermeneutics has exerted a profound influence on the formation and development of Western hermeneutics as well as a scientific interpretation and criticism of the Bible.