“部分行为全部责任”的现实困境及其出路

"Commit the crime partly,yet take responsible for it entirely"'s basic defect and solve it rationally

"部分行为全部责任"是坚持"共犯从属性说"的日本学者诠释共同犯罪人责任根据的有力学说。"部分行为全部责任"的核心就在于将共同犯罪视为一个行为而不是数个行为,所有的行为人对"部分行为"承担整个犯罪的刑事责任。这无疑是严重违背个人责任原则的。"部分行为全部责任"原则充分暴露出了现有共同犯罪行为理论的根本缺陷。克服这一根本缺陷的出路就在于认识到行为不仅仅止于行为人的身体动静,而是必须利用客观存在的外部条件。在共同犯罪中,各个共同犯罪人正是将他人的行为作为自己行为时所利用的客观条件而具有了独立的行为。因此,每个共同犯罪人是对自己独立的行为而不是"部分行为"承担刑事责任。

＂Commit the crime partly,yet take responsible for it entirely＂ is the strong issue used to explain the basis of the abettors＇ responsibility by the Japanese scholars. ＂Commit the crime partly, yet take responsible for it entirely＂ considers that the joint - crime consists of the one act but not the plural acts, and all abettors take responsible for it the entirely. However, the issue is against the principle that the responsibility should be taken by oneself. ＂Com- mit the crime partly, yet take responsible for it entirely＂ show completely the basic defect of the contemporary theory of the joint - crime. It is very rational for us to find out the act should utilize the conditions but not limit to the actor. In the joint - crime, all actors take responsible for the act that utilizes others＇ act. Thus, each actor in joint - crime take responsible for the independent act but not the part of the act.