“学者自治共和国”的终结?——教育领导在德国大学的变革

The End of "Autonomous Republic of Scholars"? Interpreting Transformation of Educational Leadership in German Universities

国立法兰克福大学于2008年1月1日正式转制为基金会大学,这个高校体制改革的案例隐含着教育领导在德国的变革趋向。通过分析最具争议性的高校委员会,作者认为,构建一个既是"学者自治共和国"也是"学术服务性企业"的大学,可能:(一)以公共管理的"经营主义"理念而放弃公共利益;(二)以摆脱国家掌控而步入"学术资本主义"的陷阱;(三)以修正"学术个人主义"来牺牲"基本法"所规制的学术、科研、教学自由,从而终结作为"学者自治共和国"的大学。

On Jan. 1, 2008, the state University of Frankfurt was official transformed into Foundation University. This case of system transformation suggests the cryptic trend of educational leadership in German Universities. From analysis of the most controversial University Council, the author believes that constructing university both as Autonomous Republic of Scholars and as Academic Service Company may lead to that （1） the public interest will be given up through the idea of Managerialism in the public administration, （2） the universities will be seduced into the trap of Academic Capitalism through the escape from state steering, and （3） the traditional notion of the Freedom of Academy, Research, Teaching ＆ Study, which are regulated and embodied in Basic Law and considered as cardinal elements of Academic Socialization, will be sacrificed through the revision of Academic Individualism. The University as Autonomous Republic of Scholars thereby shall be finished.