玉米种子大小和灌溉制度对产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Seed Size and Irrigation Regime on Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Maize Cultivation

位于西北干旱区河西走廊中部的临泽绿洲,近年来玉米制种业发展迅速,但弊病日益显现。针对生产中出现的一些问题,采用正交试验设计和随机试验方法,进行了种子大小和灌溉制度的研究。结果表明,同一品种不同千粒重的玉米种子,中粒种子播种产量最高,小粒种子次之,大粒种子播种产量最低。在生育期灌溉定额9000 m3/hm^2时,产量最高,灌溉定额达到10500 m3/hm^2时,产量反而降低,灌溉定额7500 m3/hm^2时水分利用效率最高。从灌水次数看出,产量及水分利用效率均随着灌水次数的增加而提高。这表明,在玉米制种生产中,要以生产成熟饱满的种子为目的,不要追求大粒种子生产;在边缘绿洲优化小区地表灌溉时,生育期灌溉定额以7500～9000 m3/hm^2为宜,灌水次数要保证需水关键期,一般8次为好。

The seed-producing enterprise,especially for maize,has rapidly developed in the oasis regions of arid zones in northwestern China,such as in oasis in the Hexi Corridor region.This study carried out an orthogonal and a random experiment to identify the influence of the seed size and irrigation regime on yield and water use efficiency.The results showed that the seed sizes with medium size can get the highest yield,and the ones with big size get the lowest yield.The results of the irrigation regime experiment indicated that the irrigation norm of 9000 m3/hm2 can get highest yield,while the norm of 10500 m3/hm2 led to decline in yield.The highest water use efficiency had been obtained by using the norm of 7500 m3/hm2.With the increase in watering frequency the yield and water use efficiency increased.Those suggested that for the maize seed producing purpose it is needed to produce ripen and full grain,rather than to pursue and to concentrate on enlarging seed size.It is also suggested that in the edge districts of oases,the flooding irrigation in the optimized plots should adopt 7500～9000 m3/hm2 as an optimum norm,take about 8 occasions of watering in the key development stages such as jointing and filling stages.