蒜瓣茎尖注射秋水仙素的诱变效果和诱变方法的建立

Establishment of Induction System of Garlic Clove-tip by Injection with Colchicine and Effect of Mutation

采用3个不同浓度的秋水仙素溶液注射处理大蒜蒜瓣生长点,发现处理后的大蒜叶片的下表皮气孔长度、宽度、面积和周长极显著增大,且气孔密度减小;通过对根尖染色体的观察,根尖染色体数目加倍,显示大蒜蒜瓣茎尖染色体被有效加倍。浓度为0.1%的秋水仙素溶液对染色体的诱导效果最佳;分别观察大蒜3片叶的下表皮气孔可知,随着叶片的不断生长,秋水仙素的处理效果呈下降趋势,对第一片叶的诱导效果最佳。蒜瓣茎尖注射秋水仙素3 d,在第三片叶发出前剥取茎尖接种或切取前三片嫩叶做外植体诱导加倍植株,可能获得多倍体大蒜。

Three different concentrations of colchicines were used to treat shoot-tip in garlic,it was found that the stomata length,width,area and perimeter of lower epidermis significantly increased,and stomata densities decreased,and through the apical chromosome observation that the number of chromosome doubling apical,that was an effective doubling chromosome of garlic clove shoot-tip.The experimental results showed that the concentration of 0.1% colchicine solution on the chromosome of clove shoot-tip is the best double.Through observing stomata size of lower epidermis of three leaves know that with the continuous growth of leaves,there is a downward trend on double effect.The first leaf is the best effect.Injection colchicine 3 days,insure clove-tip is inoculated before the third leaf breaking out and cutting leaves from the first three young leaves to induce polyploid are good for access doubled varieties easily.