圆斑蝰泰国亚种蛇伤大鼠模型多项指标动态观察

Dynamic Observation of multiple indexs in a Rat Model with Daboia russellii siamensis snake envenoming

目的建立圆斑蝰泰国亚种蛇伤大鼠模型，通过对其中毒后电生理、出血时间（Bleeding Time，BT）、皮下出血区（subcutaneous hemorrhagic region，SHR）及血液生化等多项指标的动态观察，为蛇毒毒理及抗蛇毒制剂的研究提供实验数据。方法SD大鼠分为圆斑蝰泰国亚种蛇毒（Daboia russellii siamensis Venom，DRSV）组和生理盐水（NS）组，戊巴比妥腹麻，注入DRSV或NS后，连续3h监测心率（heartrate，HR）、呼吸频率（respiratoryrate，RF）及腹肌反射阈（abdominal muscle reflex threshold，AMRT），定期测定BT；电生理记录结束后，经心脏取血进行血液生化检测，暴露背部注射点，测量皮下出血区。结果腹腔注入1．5倍LD50的DRSV，大鼠平均生存时间为（3．7士0．53）h。与NS组比较，DRSV组大鼠于注毒后45min，HR、AMRT均显著下降（P〈0．05～0．01），RF呈先微升后缓降的变化过程，BT明显缩短（P〈0．01）；180min后，尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、总胆红素、磷酸肌酸激酶、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶等检测值均显著升高（P〈0．05～0．01），DRSV组的SHR约为3．0cm×3．0cm。结论蝰蛇伤大鼠模型有关电生理、BT的动态指标及血液生化等多项检验数据与蛇伤临床症状基本相符，在蝰蛇伤临床诊治及蝰蛇毒的实验研究方面有一定的参考价值。

Objective The multiple indexs fo dynamic electrophysiology,bleeding time（BT）, subcutaneous hemorrhagic region（SHR） and biochemical examination were observed in a rat model with venom of Daboia russellii siamensis. This model is useful in evaluation of venom poisoning after snakebite and antivenom valence. Methods Healthy SD rats were divided into 2 groups at random, including normal sodium （NS） group and group of Daboia russellii siamensis venom（DRSV）. The animal were anesthetized with pentobarbital by peritoneal injection. The heart rate（HR）,breathing rate（BR） and abdominal muscle reflex threshold（AMRT） were consecutively recorded for 3 hours following DRSV or NS administration. BT were determined in definite times. Blood biochemical examination and SHR were measured in the end of electrophysiological recording. Results The survival time of rats was about （3. 7±0. 53）h after the venom with a dose of 1.5 × LD50 injected into body. After DRSV venom administration,the descent of animal＇s HR,BT and AMRT were found in the 45 min（P〈0.05-0.01）. The RF was elevated in the 45 min（P〈0. 05）, then descend quickly in 135 rain. After venom injected in 180 min, the biochemical indexs of BUN, Cr-2, UA, TBIL, CK, MB, CK-MB, LDH were elevated obviously in group of DRSV（P〈0.05-0.01） ,and SHR was about 3.0 cm× 3.0 cm. Conclusion The dynamic index of Electrophysiology, BT, blood biochemical examination from rat model damaged with venom of DRSV can be match with clinical symptom of snakebite patient.