西藏湿地资源价值损失评估

Valuing the Loss from Degraded Wetland Resources in Tibet

西藏高原独特的自然环境和气候条件,造就了特有的、世界独—无二的高原湿地资源。应用环境经济学的理论与方法,计算了西藏湿地的全部生态环境价值为4023.8068×108元/a,以5%的贴现率计算,湿地价值的现值为44261.8748×108元,相当于73.72×104元/hm2。从湿地生态服务功能的价值构成来看,直接使用价值(提供产品和文化功能)约占总价值的24.40%,而间接价值(调蓄洪水、疏通河道、水资源蓄积、土壤持留、净化环境、固定碳和支持功能)则占75.6%,西藏高原湿地退化面积为60.4272×104hm2,相当于年退化面积2.0143×104hm2。已退化湿地损失价值4454.69×108元,年损失价值148.49×108元。

On Tibetan Plateau, the unique natural environment and climatic conditions had brouht up unique, unparalleled plateau wetland resources. The theories and methods of environmental economics were applied to calculate the ecological values of the wetlands in Tibet.The results showed that the total ecological value of the wetlands in Tibet is amounted to RMB 402 380.68 millions per year, when the discount rate is to 5 percent, the present value of the wetlands is RMB 44 261.874 8 x 10~ per year, equivalent to 73.72 x 104 RMB/ha. From the composition of ecological values of the wetland ecosystem services, it is seen that the direct use value （to provide products and cultural function） is about 24.40% of the total value, while the indirect values （flood regulation, dredging river courses, accumulation of water resources, soil retention, environment purification, fixation of carbon and support functions） are accounted for 75.6%,The area of degraded wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau is calculated as 60.427 2 x 104ha, equivalent to an annual degradation of 2.0143 x 10z ha. The value loss from degraded wetlands is over RMB 4 454.69 x l0s in total, or RMB 148.49 x 108 per year. Key words Tibet, Wetland, Degradation, Value loss, Assessment