20年前后西安市城区气传致敏花粉种类和含量的对比分析

Comparison of Genera and Content of the Airborne Pollens in 1986 and 2006 in Xi'an City

目的探讨20年前后西安市城区气传致敏花粉的种类及含量的变化及特点,为制订符合当前实际情况的过敏原试验范围和方案提供依据。方法采用野外调查法,查明该地区树木、草类花粉的分布情况;用曝片法调查该地区空气中花粉的种类和含量;用显微照相技术对花粉进行照相。结果目前西安市空气中飘散的花粉种类有49属,归属于36个科;全年花粉总量为30 881粒。与20年前比较,花粉种类增加25种.原有的8种消失;全年花粉总量增加了2.7倍;不同种类花粉的含量变化较大,其中悬铃木属花粉占全年花粉总量由7.40%增至65.31%。结论西安地区气传致敏花粉的种类和含量较20年前有较大变化。目前花粉的种类远多于20年前西安地区制订的过敏原试验的范围,建议修改过敏原试验方案及脱敏治疗方案。悬铃木属花粉的大量增加提示城市绿化应改变策略。

Objective To investigate the changes of genera and content of airborne pollens in Xi＇an city in 2006 compared to 1986 and to provide basis for establishing a proper skin test panel in line with the present condition. Methods The distributions of pollens were investigated by field investigation. Genera and content of the airborne pollens were reserved by exposed glass plates. The pollens were classified by photographs with microscope. Results There were 49 genera of pollens which derived from 36 families in 2006. The total number of the pollens of the whole year was 30 881. Compared with 20 years ago, 25 genera of new pollens were shown, and 8 genera were not found. The total number of the pollens of the whole year increased by 2.7 times. The content of pollens of different genera changed obviously, among which the pollen of plane tree raised from 7.40% to 65.31% of total amount of pollens of the whole year. Conclusions There are distinct changes in both the genera and content of the airborne pollens in Xi＇an city in 2006 compared to 20 years ago. The genera and content of pollens in Xi＇an city are overly increased compared with those used in the skin test panel 20 years ago. We suggest to change the skin test panel. The obvious increasing in the plane tree pollens indicates the city should change the strategy in planting trees.