肿瘤蛋白质组学:过去、现在和将来

Tumor Proteomics:The Past,Present and Future

将蛋白质组学的技术方法应用到肿瘤生物学的研究中,产生了一门新学科——肿瘤蛋白质组学。它以寻找肿瘤标志物为目的,以蛋白质组学方法为手段,结合肿瘤分子机制的基础研究与肿瘤检测、诊断等临床研究,最终产出能应用于临床的肿瘤检测和治疗的蛋白质靶标。肿瘤蛋白质组学经历了表达谱、修饰谱到活性谱的进化过程,在不同的层面上揭示肿瘤可能的致病机制。本文概述了近年来在常见的恶性肿瘤中进行的肿瘤蛋白质组研究,应用各种蛋白质组技术方法,如二维凝胶电泳(two-dimensional gel electrophresis,2DE)、细胞培养稳定同位素标记技术(stable isotope labeling by amino acid in cell culture,SILAC)、基质辅助激光解析(matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization,MALDI)质谱等,找到了大量的蛋白质标志物。将来的挑战在于如何从理论上应用候选标志物解析肿瘤的分子机制,以及从实践上鉴定能真正应用于临床的标志物。

The application of proteomics techniques to tumor biological research promoted the emergence of Tumor Proteomics. Its major goal is to screen biomarkers for tumor detection, diagnosis, prognosis, as well as tumor treatment using proteomics technologies, such as two dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）, stable isotope labeling of amino acid in cell culture （SILAC） and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization （MALDI）. Three stages of tumor proteomics study, including expression proteomics, posttranslation modification proteomics and activity-based proteomics, have shed lights on not only the possible tumor markers but also the underlying mechanisms. We reviewed the methods as well as the achievements of recent tumor proteomics studies on major tumor types. The challenges are to sift out tumor markers for clinical applications, and to reveal novel mechanisms of tumorigenesis that may help to fight this deadly disease.