隐喻外显功能的语用运作机制

The Pragmatic Working Mechanism of the Explicit Functions of Metaphor

隐喻是表面错配而内隐契合的有益于更有效交际的语言手段和策略;其分类可以理解为一个连续体,(准)固化隐喻和新创隐喻分别位于其两端,挣脱了相似性带来的困扰;隐喻的(外显)功能包括概念易及功能(认知功能)、语言促进功能(包括词汇/意念填充功能、经济功能、语篇(连贯)功能和表述增效(美学)功能)、情感功能、人际调适功能和文化承载功能;分析隐喻意义、隐喻含意、隐喻影像、情感和非言语信息之间的关系,可揭示出隐喻外显功能之间趋同一的语用运作机制。

Metaphor serves as a linguistic resource/means/strategy, explicitly false but implicitly appropriate, for more effective communications. The classification of metaphors may well be considered a continuum, （quasi-） internalized and newly-conceived metaphors, respectively, at its two extremes, thus breaking loose the obsession of similarity. The explicit functions of metaphor embrace notion/concept easy accessibility （cognitive function ）, language enhancement （word/notion filling, economy, discourse/coherence and expressive/poetic function ）, emotive function, interpersonal function and culture-laden function. The pragmatic working mechanism in question lies in the convergence between the metaphorical meaning, the metaphorical implicature, the emotion and the non-linguistic cues.