论技术规范的形成

On the Formation of Technology Norm

技术规范是与社会规范相对的,从人与自然的关系方面调控人类行为规范的总称。技术规范的形成有三条基本路经:经过示范、模仿、改进等环节,并通过评价(可行性评价和效益评价)的形成路径;以专利技术及其推广为主线的形成路径;以专利技术与技术标准的捆绑为实质的形成路径。技术的高效用性和评价主体对这种效用的评价,共同构成了技术规范形成的充分而且必要的条件。

Technology norm, as a contrast to social norm, is the general name of the norms for adjusting human behaviors in the human-nature relationship. The formation of technology norm generally goes through three basic routes： （ 1 ） through evaluation （of feasibility and performance） after demonstration, imitation, and improvement; （2） through patenting and promoting technology; and （3） through combination of patent technology and technological standards. Efficiency of technology and evaluations of the efficiency by evaluators constitute the sufficient and necessary conditions for the formation of technology norm.