N-乙烯酰胺的活性自由基聚合进展

Living Radical Polymerization of N-Vinylamides

本文总结了N-乙烯酰胺类单体的活性自由基聚合进展。该类非共轭单体的活性自由基聚合一度十分困难,但近年来该领域取得了可喜的进展,如黄原酸酯和二硫代氨基甲酸酯家族的某些成员能成功地以加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合或黄原酸酯交换法(MADIX)控制其分子量,在特定条件下还可以同时控制其立体结构。近年发现的有机铋、有机锑和有机碲化合物也成功应用于该类单体的(共)聚合,从而扩大了聚合物的结构谱。此外,原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)中的某些体系也能在一定程度上控制该类单体的活性聚合。

The progress regarding the living radical polymerization of N-vinylamides （NVAs） is summarized. The living radical polymerization of the unconjugated NVAs once represented a synthetic challenge, but pleasant progress has been made recently in this field. It is found that selected members of the xanthate family and dithiocarbamate family are able to control the polymerization of NVAs via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） polymerization or via the interchange of xanthate （MADIX） under certain conditions, and the tacticity can be simultaneously controlled under specific conditions. The recently developed organobismuth, organostibine and organotellurium compounds are effective mediators for the （co）polymerization of most NVAs, expanding the spectra of polymer composition. Additionally, some of the atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP） systems are applicable to the polymerization of NVAs.