美国政府对辛亥革命态度的原因分析

Causes of American Governmental Attitude towards Chinese 1911 Revolution

在1911～1912年中国政权发生鼎革之际,美国政府对辛亥革命奉行中立政策。首先这是由当时中国国内政治局势所决定;其次,与美国的孤立主义外交传统和对华门户开放原则有直接关系;其三,受美国国内舆论和文化价值观念的影响;其四,防止和避免少数国家特别是日本和俄国乘机单独干涉中国,谋取特殊利益。总之,美国政府对辛亥革命的态度是由多种因素决定的,既有中国国内因素,也有美国自身因素;既有国际因素,也有价值观念因素。虽然一般来说,外交是内政的继续,但外交毕竟不能等同于内政,不能不受对方国家国情及国际形势的影响和制约。有些问题乍一看来,似乎是美国国内政治影响了美国的对华政策,但细加追究,美国的外交政策实际上很大程度是由国际和中国国内形势的变化促成的。因此,在探讨美国对华政策的过程中,我们对各种因素要有一种全面的、辩证的观点,这对我们正确认识或预见美国的对华政策是十分重要的。

During the transition of the political powers in China between 1911 and 1912, the American government pursued a policy of neutrality towards the 1911 revolution. This was caused by the following elements: first of all, it was relative to China's internal political situation. Secondly, the diplomatic tradition of isolationism of the United States and the open-door policy in China had a direct impact on the attitude of the American government. Thirdly, the public opinion and American culture and values also played an important role. Finally, it aimed at preventing some countries (especially Japan and Russia) from intervening in the internal affairs of China and obtaining special interests. Therefore, we should have an overall examination on the policy of the American government towards China. It is significant for us to correctly understand and predict American policy towards China.