国际贸易背景下专利权用尽原则探究——兼论平行进口问题

Research on Exhaustion Principle of Patent Rights under International Trade Background——Concurrent Discussion on Parallel Import Problem

权利用尽原则是立法者在平衡知识产权人专有权和社会公众利益的基础上提出的。作为对权利人行使专有权的有效限制,该原则首先由美国司法机关提出,随后得到许多大陆法系国家的援引。尽管世界各国在其实践中普遍采用了专利权用尽原则,但不同国家对专利权用尽原则的法律基础有不同的理解,产生种种不同的理论,导致对类似案件的处理出现不一致的结论。由于专利权用尽原则以及与此相关的平行进口问题对世界各国利益有重要影响,借鉴各国经验对我国国际贸易中产品的进出口以及我国专利法相关条文的完善具有重要意义。

The exhaustion principle of rights is put forward by legislator based on the equilibrium of exclusive right of intellectual property right （IPR） person and social public interest. As an effective restriction on IPR person to exercise the exclusive right, this principle was first put forward by the American judicial organ and later invoked by many departments and nations. In practice, despite the widely adopted exhaustion principle of patent rights in international community, different nations have different comprehension to the law foundation that, the exhaustion principle of patent rights brings various theories, which has caused similar cases to end in inconsistent or conflicting conclusions. Because the exhaustion principle of patent rights and parallel import problem have great impacts on international community benefits, it is significant for China to draw lessons from the experiences of other countries to improve the trade-related patent law on import and export and improve Chinese products.