生态机理法在工程方案生态影响评价中的应用--以铁岭莲花湖清淤扩容及堤坝生态建设工程为例

Ecological mechanism method applied on environmental impact assessment—Taking plan of dredging-enlarging and bank-construction projects in the Lianhua Lake of Tieling City as an example

以铁岭莲花湖清淤扩容及堤坝生态建设工程方案的生态影响评价为例,应用生态机理法,提取了淤泥分布、水深变化、鸟类迁徙和鸟类生境等4个工程施工影响因子,运用空间分析和生境制图等方法将工程建设对4个因子影响的生态机理进行模拟评价,并根据评价结果对工程的施工提出了可选择的适宜施工时间、不同区域的淤泥回填和挖掘方式等方面的建议.研究表明,当工程项目对生态系统的影响具有复杂性和长期性时,生态机理法可以较好地对潜在影响进行评价并预测生态系统的演替方向.生态机理法作为一种经验性的方法,更适用于对稳定生态系统的预测,而不适用于一些不稳定因素存在的系统.

Ecological Mechanism Method （EMM） is very important in Environmental Impact Assessment （EIA）. Taking the example of EIA for the dredging-enlarging and bank-construction projects＇ plan in the Lianhua Lake, this paper explained the formation and strategy of using EMM from the methodology point of view. This method was practiced through evaluating four factors of EIA, which are dredging, water depth changing, bird migration route and bird habitat types. Spatial Analysis and Habitat Mapping methods were effectively applied during the EMM. EMM is a practical method especially when the environmental influence of the project is very complicated and needs a long period to appear. EMM could not only evaluate the influence of the engineering but also predict the ecological succession. In addition, it should be paid attention that EMM is more efficient when being applied to stable eco-systems.