民族与民族主义研究:从实体论迈向关系实在论初探

The Study of Nation and Nationalism:From Substantialism to Relational Realism

在民族和民族主义研究中,实体论具有重要地位,它包括客观实体论与主观实体论。前者长于民族的客观属性分析与内生分析,但忽略了民族的主观属性,忽略了他者和关系对民族自我的塑造作用;后者最为看重民族的主观属性,强调民族主义对民族的塑造作用,但放大了民族的主观属性,且落入从民族主义与民族两者的关系来界定民族的窠臼。文章引入关系实在论来阐释民族和民族主义,旨在消解民族的实体本体论地位,并将民族"自我"视为过程性、动态性与稳定性的关系化实体。在此基础上,文章区分了两个层次的流动的、关系化的民族自我和不同类型的民族主义:(1)国家民族(主义),公民民族(主义)和族群民族(主义)之间的竞争共生关系;(2)在第一个层次之上的民族自我与其他内部他者、外部他者之间的竞争共生关系。

In the studies of nation and nationalism,the substantialism is important.The objective substantialism is good at analysis of the endogensis and objective attribute of the nation,but ignores the subjective attribute of nation,and other and relation for the forming of nation-self.The subjective substantialism focuses on the subjective attribute of nation.In the theory,the attribute is amplified that it is struck in the rut of defining the term nation using the relation between the nation and nationalism.This paper discusses nation and nationalism from the angle of relational realism to dispel the ontological status of the substantialism.So the nation self is regarded as a procedural,dynamic and stable relational reality.The paper argues that the relational nation-self can be divided two levels:the first,completing and interdependent relationship between state nation(and state-nationalism),and civic nation(and civic-nationalism),and ethnic nation(and ethno-nationalism);the second,the competing and interdependent relationship between other internal and external other and the nation self based on the first level,