疾疫的救治、防控与乡村社会的变迁--青海省黄南藏族自治州牧区个案研究

The Diagnosis,Treat,Prevention,and Control of the Pestilence and Diseases and the Change of Rural Society:A Case of Pasturing Area of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Perfection,Qinghai Province

历史上,现今青海省黄南藏族自治州的牧区存在鼠疫、性病、伤寒、天花等疾疫流行的情况,那里的藏族和蒙古族主要依靠社会力量(其中包括民间藏医、寺院以及人们在日常生活方面的行为规范和约束)对疾疫进行救治,国家和地方政府对当地疾疫的防控干预不多。中华人民共和国成立后,当地医疗卫生事业得到很大的发展,疾疫状况有了明显的改善。调查研究表明,近几十年黄南牧区疾疫救治与防控的进步,不仅表现为由民间自发防控向国家政府行为的转化,还表现为由治疗向预防的发展以及疾疫防控的法制化。它在某些方面改变了民众对传统社会组织与宗教的依赖程度,反映出国家力量对边远民族地区基层社会的管理在不断深入和强化。

The plague,VD,typhoid,and variola has been populating in the history of pasturing area of today’s Huangnan Tibetan autonomous perfection of Qinghai.The Tibetan and Mongol people who live there primarily depend on the social power like folk Tibetan doctors,temple,or behavioral norms and rule to deal with these pestilence or diseases.Since the establishment of PRC,medical and health service has development greatly.According to investigation and study,the progress of the relief,prevention and control for pestilence and diseases in Huangnan over the resent decades appears in the intervention of state power and legalization.The people less rely on the traditional social organization and religion.On the contrary,the administrative power from state is strengthened in the local community of remote ethnic areas.