从控制到治理——社会转型与城市基层组织框架的变迁

From Control to Governance: Social Transformation and the Evolution of Urban Grassroots Organizational Structure

单位制瓦解后,如何有效地控制城市基层社会成为学者和政府官员都在思索的问题。一种流行的观点认为"社区制"可以取代"单位制",通过重建社区,形成"国家—社区—个人"的控制模式。通过分析单位制和社区制的特点以及基层社会微观结构的变迁,批判了这种简单取代论。认为单位制到社区制是基层社会的结构性变迁。当前社区内多元行动者并存的局面呼唤基层社区的管理应由控制思维转变为治理思维。

It becomes a question for academics and government officials how to effectively control the urban grassroots after the disintegration of the working unit system. A prevalent point of view is that a community system could replace the working unit system through community reconstruction. By comparing the characteristics of the work unit system and community system and examining the evolution of microstructure in grassroots society, this paper argues that the transformation of the working unit system into community system is a structural transformation of grassroots society and one cannot be simply replaced by the other. The coexistence of various actors in communities calls for the shift of community management from a control perspective to a governance one.