清末民初的革命人格与国民人格——以刘师培与陈独秀为中心

The revolutionary personality and national personality in late Qing Dynasty and early Republican Period——With Liu Shipei and Chen Duxiu as the centre

清末民初,革命派中的刘师培与陈独秀围绕革命与建设,鞭挞清而不和、和而不清、人格堕落等畸形人格,痛斥民国廉耻道丧,正义消亡。欲塑造革命理想人格,刘主张以中矫偏,使人人具个人之资格,积极入世但不媚世、崇尚自强不息和尚武精神并献身国家。而在新型国民人格中,陈提倡在理论上清算三纲之说与忠孝节以恢复独立自主之人格,有独立自治之精神品格,不可逃遁恶社会,作退避安闲之想,尽力将国事担任起来,做到公与私统一;在方法上欲藉政党、修身、教育和示范等以达到预设之目的。

In the early Republican Period, Liu Shipei and Chen Duxiu bitterly attacked the degeneration of morality and the dying out of justice. They aimed to build the ideal revolutionary personality: Liu valued the spirit of constantly striving for improvement and martial force on the battlefield, while Chen advocated the independence and dignity of individuals, proposing that one should be devoted to the affairs of state instead of escaping from the evils in society. He also hoped that the goal could be reached through the functions of government, civilization, education and setting good examples for the public.