中华民族创世神话的典型型式及人文精神

The Typical Models and Humanistic Spirits in Chinese Ethnic Myths of Creating the World

以农为本的中华民族创世神话有三种典型型式:原初形态气态或忽略,气态运动,创世者出,先分开,后整治天地;原初形态水态或气态水态,气态或水态运动,创世者出,取土造地,捉兽负地;原初形态气态或水态或忽略,气态或水态运动,创世者出,以动物或自身躯体化生天地万物。较早进入农耕时期的中华各民族先民创造创世神话的深层心理动机,即塑造一个凝聚族类支配自然、立足社会的理想和愿望的形象,依靠他们来影响气象,驾驭自然,因而这一类形象大多带有农耕时期族群首领的品性,或者说直接身份就是族类的始祖。中华民族创世神话从叙事上开启了中国传统"天人合一"的观念,凝聚了中华民族的美好品格、奋斗精神。关于他们创世的叙事彰显了民族的脚踏实地、积极进取的人生态度,又展示了超越意识、丰富的想象力。

There are three typical models of Chinese ethnic myths of creating the world. The models take agriculture as the root of life and society since ancient times. In the first model, the original form is gaseity or ignored, then the gas moves and the creators come out, the creators separate and arrange the sky and ground. In the second model, the original form is liquid or gas liquid, the liquid or gas liquid moves, the creators appear and make the ground out of mud. They capture beasts to bear the ground. In the third model, the original form is gaseity or liquid or ignored, the gas or liquid moves, the creators appear, and a new world is born out of beasts＇ or creators＇ own bodies. The author takes the myths of Chinese ethnic groups for example, and discusses the narrative skills of the three models in details. Then the life basics, the deep mentality of creation and the humanistic spirit of the three models are discussed. The author points out, the deep psychological motivation of the Chinese ethnic groups who created the myths and entered the cultivated area very early, is to shape big figures who agglomerate people＇ s ideality and desire of controlling nature and standing in the society. The figures can affect the weather and control the nature. So these figures mostly contain the quality of leaders in cultivated area, or they have the direct identity of people＇s ancestors. The author argues that the Chinese ethnic creating myths form the traditional concept-syncretism of sky and human＇ on the narrative aspect, and agglomerate the essential quality and fighting spirit of Chinese ethnic groups. The narrative arts of creating the world express the realistic and up-and-coming attitude of Chinese ethnic groups, and show their magnificent imagination.